by Wallace Stevens
I
Among twenty snowy mountains,
The only moving thing
Was the eye of the blackbird.
II
I was of three minds,
Like a tree
in which there are three blackbirds.
III
The blackbird whirled in the autumn winds.
It was a small part of the pantomime.
IV
A man and a woman
Are one.
A man and a woman and a blackbird
Are one.
V
I do not know which to prefer,
The beauty of inflections
Or the beauty of innuendos,
The blackbird whistling
Or just after.
VI
Icicles filled the long window
With barbaric glass.
The shadow of the blackbird
Crossed it, to and fro.
The mood
Traced in the shadow
An indecipherable cause.
VII
O thin men of Haddam,
Why do you imagine golden birds?
Do you not see how the blackbird
Walks around the feet of the women about you?
VII
I know noble accents
And lucid, inescapable rhythms;
But I know, too,
That the blackbird is involved
In what I know.
IX
When the blackbird flew out of sight,
It marked the edge
Of one of many circles.
X
At the sight of blackbirds
Flying in a green light,
Even the bawds of euphony
Would cry out sharply.
XI
He rode over Connecticut
In a glass coach.
Once, a fear pierced him,
In that he mistook
The shadow of his equipage
For blackbirds.
XII
The river is moving.
The blackbird must be flying.
XIII
It was evening all afternoon.
It was snowing
And it was going to snow.
The blackbird sat
in the cedar-limbs.
*
As a Massachusettsian, I'm struck by how this poem makes Connecticut---a state I know as a landscape of routes that lead to New York City---seem so exotic. But that's an aside.
"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird" (a literary nod to the Cubist movement) is full of whim and beauty and seriousness and symbolism. I learned all this yesterday on Wikipedia and now I will share it with you.
The poem suggests (as the famous Helen Vendler notes) "an infinite number of ways of looking at and symbolizing any piece of reality." (One year in college, my house mate---a very disciplined artist---had an art assignment that has stayed with me all these years, and I think relates to this concept of looking at a piece of reality. She had to chose an object and render it artistically, using any medium, each day, every day, for the entire semester. She chose an old cowboy hat. Some days she did a quick sketch, other days an oil painting, or a photo, or an abstract, or a pen and ink of a detail, etc. What a great project that would be, I always thought. Though I remember that by December, she wanted to throw-up on the hat and never see it again.)
The blackbird is often noted as a symbol of death in the poem, and re-reading the poem with that in mind does enlighten the text considerably.
Haddam (stanza VII) sounds Biblical or Islamic, and it made me feel dumb right away, like references I should know were flying over my head and all over the place. But, actually, it's a town in Connecticut. There's an old saying 'to have been to Haddam' that means 'to have had syphilis'. For more elaboration on this, click here.
Meanwhile, for a very prestigious and solemn and sometimes smoky, champagne-y writing group, I have been assigned to write something---anything---on the word 'displacement'. It's due, conveniently, in 13 days. I'm feeling very cowboy hat/blackbird about it.
Stay tuned for tomorrow's introduction.